Artifact is as found in the Holy Lands, and this item has NO repair or restoration

weight 1.25 grams   Mamluk were slave soldiers Egypt to Syria 1250 to 1517 and than the Otttman empire took over
these stones might have been sourced persia

Our Artifacts source

we Have dealt with our supplier of ancient artifacts and ancient coins since 2005, with most ancient coins listed on our sister site, coins auctioned from this reliable supplier

Supplier is member Association of international antiquities Dealers.

Reputation is important in this trade and one question we are asked often is, how do they determine age of each artifact?

The holy land has a unique history and professional diggers of artifacts dig and can tell what level relates to the time by texture and colour of the soil as well as by identification knowledge of the Artifact.

Roman artefacts and local holy land items are at different level to crusaders and Arabs did control vast areas.

And is rare to find sites of Arab and Crusader Artifacts in same place